THE JAPANESE EMPIRE 649
supplying considerable quantities of the raw materials of which
Japan has need; enough has also been said to indicate that
Korea is not being ' exploited' by the Japanese, but being
well governed and developed to the lasting benefit of the Koreans
themselves.
Commerce. The bulk of the commerce is with Japan (its
nature is indicated diagrammatically). The former large trade
with ' China' was actually with Manchuria. To the exports
should be added the recent large one of raw silk—now second
to rice.
Fusan is the oldest and largest port of Korea and it has
recently been modernized and has excellent railway facilities.
Tinsen is the second port and a new dock now accommodates
two vessels of up to 4,500 tons. In 1933 there were over 1,900
miles of railway and 10,300 miles of roads, but much of the
country is still inaccessible and transport in the interior is by
porters, pack-horses or oxen.
THE JAPANESE SOUTH SEA ISLANDS
After the World War Japan was given the mandate over
the former German possessions of the Mariana, Marshall and
Caroline groups which had early been occupied by a Japanese
naval force. There are nearly 1,500 islands, islets and reefs
scattered over a wide area of the Pacific Ocean—between o°
and 22° N. and 130° and 175° E. The total area is less than
a thousand square miles and the population about 50,000 natives
—divided between the two main tribal groups, the Kanakas
and Chamorros. The total population had reached nearly
70,000 by 1930 and over 80,000 by 1933 owing to the influx
of'Japanese (over 30,000 in 1933). Nearly half the Japanese
are in Saipan Island, where they are engaged in sugar-cane
cultivation or sugar manufacture. From the Augaur Islands
is an important production, of phosphate—about 60,000 tons
annually. Copra is also an article of export.